Optical fiber is a type of myoid guide capable of transporting light, which is made of a type of glass material. Which is basically a sophisticated transmission media. Through which data is exchanged at the speed of light (3 x 108m/s). Optical fiber is a very fine and flexible media, which is cylindrical in shape. Light rays pass through it in the form of beams, which are invisible to the human eye. The wavelength of light used in optical fiber is 400 to 1500 nm (nanometers) (the wavelength of visible light is 370 to 750 nm) and its frequency range is from 40GHz to 360THz (terahertz).
In a word, optical fiber is a type of waveguide made of glass material that transmits a signal as light energy from one place to another.
Optical fiber Consists of three parts. namely
(i) Core
(ii) Cladding and
(iii) Coating
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| Optical Fiber |
(i) Core :
Core is the middle part of the optical fiber, which is made of cardboard or plastic. This is the actual fiber that beams the light.By transferring The diameter of the core usually ranges from 50 to 500 pm. Combining larger cores can transmit more light.
(ii) Cladding :
The outer covering covering the core is called Cladding.The refractive index of the cladding is the refractive index of the core less than Core and cladding together act as wave guides
(iii) Coating :
The outer layer of Core and Cladding is called Coating. It is also called Jacket. It is made of plastic, polymer or a mixture of other materials. which protects the fiber from rust, abrasion, injury and other harmful environmental conditions. Its thickness ranges from 250 to 1000 pm. Coating has nothing to do with light transport.